One of the most ambitious collection efforts to date is The Genographic Project , started by National Geographic in 2005 and led by geneticist and Texas Ex, Dr. Spencer Wells (Biology, '88). The project uses participants' DNA to map and trace migration patterns of humans who lived thousands of years ago. The five-year, $50 million effort aims to collect 100,000 DNA samples from around the world.
¡§It's been a lifelong dream of mine to answer some of the big questions like: Where did we come from? How did we produce these patterns of diversity?¡¨ Wells says. ¡§For me, many of those questions started during my undergraduate studies at UT. I took Professor Mark Kirkpatrick's evolutionary biology course and I was hooked.¡¨
From the snow-covered Tibetan highlands to the burning windstorms of the Sahara desert, Wells traverses the globe collecting samples from indigenous groups in the world's most remote locations.
¡§When humans first ventured out of Africa some 60,000 years ago, they left genetic footprints that are still visible today,¡¨ Wells says. ¡§By mapping these ancient ancestral clans called haplogroups, we create an atlas of when and where ancient humans moved around the world.¡¨
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G¡q¤HÃþªº°¶¤j®Èµ{¡r¡A¡m°ê®a¦a²zÂø»x¡n¤¤¤åª©¡A2006¦~3¤ë¸¹¡A¶39¡C
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G¡q¤HÃþªº°¶¤j®Èµ{¡r¡A¡m°ê®a¦a²zÂø»x¡n¤¤¤åª©¡A2006¦~3¤ë¸¹¡A¶34-35¡C
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G¡q¤HÃþªº°¶¤j®Èµ{¡r¡A¡m°ê®a¦a²zÂø»x¡n¤¤¤åª©¡A2006¦~3¤ë¸¹¡A¶38¡C
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GAlison Ross, "'Better' DNA out of fossil bones" BBC News, 19 September 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4260334.stm |
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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡Ghttp://www.utexas.edu/features/2007/ancestry/graphics/ancestry5_medium.jpg¡]°Ñ¦Òºô§}¡Ghttp://www.utexas.edu/features/2007/ancestry/¡^
Source: National Geographic Maps, Atlas of the Human Journey .
http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v8/n2/images/7400908-f1.jpg
The Genographic Project, a five-year research initiative launched by National Geographic and IBM, traces the migratory history of the human species.
Image: National Geographic Maps
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G¡§Humans Have Spread Globally, and Evolved Locally¡¨, New York Times , 2007.06.24
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡Ghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Y-Haplogroups-1500AD-World-Map.GIF/500px-Y-Haplogroups-1500AD-World-Map.GIF
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
http://www.cotaiwan.info/SBTATI/SBTATI_SBpublish_200TW400C.nsf/(Images)/0BB981DE1D6E067048256DD5004D57C8/$FILE/¹Ï03.gif
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G¥v©ú¡A¡q²Ä¤G³¹ °¨¨Ó¦L¥§¨tì©l±Úªº¥xÆW
¡r¡A¡m¥xÆW¤H¥|¦Ê¦~¥v¡n¡A
1998/04/01¡A
http://www.cotaiwan.info/SBTATI/SBTATI_SBpublish_200TW400C.nsf/0/C0653A8C909D040848256D6E004B3BC0?OpenDocument
http://www.kerchner.com/images/dna/ydna_migrationmap_(FTDNA2006).jpg
" Y-Haplogroup Projects and Websites ", WorldFamilies.net(Where Genealogy meets DNA testing) http://www.worldfamilies.net/y-haplogroups.html
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G
www.roperld.com/ graphics/MigrationMap.jpg (
posted on 2008¦~8¤ë27¤é )
---------------
Distribution of Y-Haplogroups (male):
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡Ghttp://bp1.blogger.com/_YiHsbP4vJso/R3rOOOatyiI/AAAAAAAAANM/BhZI4N0qZz4/s1600-h/yChromoHaplogroups.jpg
Distribution of mtDNA-Haplogroups (female):
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡Ghttp://bp3.blogger.com/_YiHsbP4vJso/R3rOYuatyjI/AAAAAAAAANU/AfxFMbAhIxc/s1600-h/mtDNAhaplogroups.jpg
Map showing migration of humans from Asia to the Americas. (Credit: Image courtesy Ripan Mahlir)
" New Ideas About Human Migration From Asia To Americas," ScienceDaily (Oct. 29, 2007), http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071025160653.htm
"Thousands Of Humans Inhabited New World's Doorstep For 20,000 Years ," ScienceDaily (Feb. 13, 2008) , http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080213090524.htm
JOURNEY OF MANKIND - The Peopling of the World («Ü´Îªº°Êµe)
¨Ì¾Ú²É½uÅéDNA¤ÀªR©Ò§@ªº¤HÃþ¾E±p¸ô½u°²»¡¡]¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡Ghttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/¤HÃþ²É½uÅéDNA³æ¿Åé¸s¡^
¶ÀºØ¤Hì¨Ó¦b®J¤Î¤¤ªFªü©Ô§B¥b®q¦a°Ï¡A«á¨Ó¾E±p¨ì¦L«×©MªF«n¨È¦a°Ï¡A«á¨Ó¶i¤J¤¤°ê¦èÂûX¥j´ÂÂAÁú°ê¤é¥»¡A¨ì¹F«Xù´µ»·ªF¡A¥H«á¨ì¹F«n¥_¬ü¬w¡]¥]¬A®æ³®Äõ«n³¡¡^¡A«á¨ÓÂX®i¨ì¥_¼Ú«Xù´µ¦a°Ï¡A¦L¥§¡B·s¦èÄõ¡A«D¬wªº°¨¹F¥[´µ¥[®q¤]¦³¶ÀºØ¤H¡C
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡Ghttp://www.idoer.org/Article/200703/show650974c17p1.html
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡Ghttp://dienekes.blogspot.com/2008_01_01_archive.html
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A CAPSULE HUMAN HISTORY (¦³¤£¦P®É¥Nªº¤H¤fÁ`¼Æ)
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